Assessment of physical development using the index method. Body type and ideal weight using the pinier formula Determination of body strength using the pinier index

Standing height - (Weight in kg. + Chest circumference in the exhalation phase)

Index value: strong physique -10-15, good-15-20, average-20-25, weak-25-30,

very weak - above 30.

Children: average build 2-3 l - 23, 6-7 l - 30-35, 8-15 - 26-35.

4. Erisman index (chest development indicator): Chest circumference during pause - 0.5 Standing height

Index value: normal - 5-7, good physical development - >7, weak -<1,5 Children: N - 2-3 years - 6-9, 6-7 years - 0, 8-15 years - -1-(-3)

5. Index of proportionality of height and chest circumference: Pause chest circumference * 100: Standing height (cm)

Index value: normal - 50-55, narrow chest -<50, широкая - >55.

6. Vital indicator: VC: Weight (kg)

Index value: average for men - 65-70, average for women - 55-60 ml/kg, athletes: husband - 75-80, women - 65-70.

7. Hand strength:

hand strength of strongest arm 100: Weight (kg)

Index value: for men: the norm is 70-60, for women: the norm is 45-50.

8. Torso proportionality index: 2Height while sitting - Height while standing

Index value: norm for men - 9.5, for women - 12.5

9. Pirquet (Beduze) index proportionality coefficient:(standing height - sitting height) 100: sitting height

Index value: short leg length - 87%, proportional build - 87-92%, large

leg length - above 92%.

Children: proportional body type 2-3 g - 68-70%, 6-7 l - 78-80%, 8-15 l - 80-92%.

10. Body Mass Index (BMI):Body weight (kg)

Standing height 2 (m)

Index value: underweight< 18,5, нормальная масса тела - 18,5 - 24,9, избыточная масса тела 25,0-29,9, ожирение I ст- 30,0 - 34,9, ожирение II ст - 35,0 - 39,9, ожирение III ст - > 40,0.

11.Ludwig's equation - determination of proper iron.

Men JEL = (40 height cm) + (30 weight kg) - 4400

Women JEL = (40 height cm) + (10 - weight kg) - 3800

Prof. formula Petrovsky to determine ideal weight.

A = 50 + (B-150) * 0.75 + (B - 20): 4 (A - ideal weight, B - height, C - age). Stages of obesity.

Initial - excess weight up to 15%;

The first is overweight up to 30%;

The second is overweight 30-50%;

The third is overweight over 50%.

Rational nutrition of athletes.

Principles of rational nutrition

Compliance of the energy value of the diet with average daily energy expenditure;

Balanced diet in terms of essential nutrients;

Distribution of diet throughout the day, consistent with physical activity.

Proteins:

animal origin (60%): beef, veal, liver, kidneys, cottage cheese, cheese, egg, milk, jellied dishes.

vegetable origin (40%): soybeans, beans, rice, peas, corn, peanuts, walnuts, buckwheat porridge with milk, bread.

For endurance 1.2-1.4 g/kg body weight;

Strength types 1.7-2.0 (up to 2.4) g/kg body weight (up to 200-25 Og/day);

Fats:

Animal fats (70-75%): milk, cottage cheese, cheese, sour cream, cream, butter, beef, veal, chicken, turkey, fish, egg

Vegetable fats (25-30%): almonds, walnuts, sunflower oil, corn oil, halva

Balance in fats: polyunsaturated fatty acids - 10%, saturated fatty acids - 30%, monounsaturated fatty acids - 60%.

Carbons:

In the form of polysaccharides 65-70% (starch, cereals, pasta, potatoes, bread, etc.)

In the form of Sugars 25-30%: (grapes, cherries, gooseberries, melon, watermelon, chocolate, jam, honey).

Dietary fiber 5% (rye and wheat bran, vegetables),

Decreased tysher - creation of carbohydrate reserves in the body (during the week of competition):

For the first 3 days, the athlete is on a protein-fat diet with a lot of fiber; carbohydrates (bread, pasta, cereal, sugar) are excluded from the diet. Intense training takes place along with the diet.

Then the remaining time the athlete is transferred to a carbohydrate diet, physical activity is compressed to a minimum

Diet

4-5 times a day with an interval of 2.5-3 hours

Exercise no earlier than 1 hour after eating.

Eating after training no earlier than 40-60 minutes later.

Energy value: 1st breakfast - 10-15%, 2nd breakfast - 20-25%, lunch - 35%, afternoon snack - 5-10%, dinner - 25%.

Last meal 1.5-2 hours before bedtime.

Meals during the competition

2 - 3 hours before the competition, light food with a calorie content of 700-1200 kcal, consisting of easily digestible carbohydrates and proteins (porridge, boiled chicken, chicken broth, juices, tea, chocolate, honey).

After the performance: juices, mineral water, dairy products, fruits

The first 2-3 days after the end of the competition (chicken, oatmeal or buckwheat porridge, low-fat cottage cheese, soft-boiled eggs, butter, salads).

Water-salt balance

When you lose 1% of your body weight in water, you feel thirsty

2% water from body weight (1.5 l) reduces performance and endurance

3% water (2 l) performance decreases by 20-30%

5% water reduces salivation, diuresis, increases heart rate, causes weakness and nausea

Losing 9-12% of water is incompatible with life (water loss in a marathon race can be up to 4 liters). Drinking regime during competitions:

Before the start, drink 400-600 ml of cold (12-14°C) 4-6% solution of carbohydrate-mineral drink 40-60 minutes before the start.

During competition, 30-60 ml (one or two sips) of water or carbohydrate-mineral drink

During the marathon, no more than 1 liter per hour

Drinking regime for marathon runners:

Before the start or during warm-up, up to 300 ml of water 110 °C

The first 60-75 minutes of work 100-150 ml of glucose (5g\100 ml) at regular intervals (20-15 min)

After 75-90 minutes of work, the glucose concentration is increased to 10-12 g\100 ml and NaCI 20 mEq\l is added

Medical and pedagogical observation.

Timing of the lesson (training): The doctor monitors 1-3 students throughout the lesson. Using a stopwatch, he records the time spent on performing exercises, on rest, teacher explanations and the duration of the entire complex.

Occupied Density:

Time spent exercising

100 = % density

Duration of the entire lesson

Occupation density is good (for closed structures) = 60-70%,

For open structures - 70-80%, for schoolchildren - 50-55%. Determination of the physiological lesson curve.

The subject's pulse is taken 10 seconds before the start of the lesson, at the end of the introductory part, after completing each exercise in the main part of the lesson, in the final part, timing is carried out, as well as in the preparatory part and after the end of the lesson. The physiological curve should be an ascending line, rising in the main part of the lesson, by 80-100% of the initial one, with several teeth and noticeably decreasing in the final part until the initial heart rate value is reached at the end of the lesson. A slight rise and a flat shape of the curve indicate insufficient load. If the heart rate in the main part of the lesson does not reach 130-140 per minute, then you cannot count on the training effect of the lesson.

Sanitary standards for the maintenance of training venues. Indoor sports facilities.

The maximum number of students in the hall must correspond to the area (at least 4 sq.m. for each person).

The floor of the hall must be wooden and level (linoleum is allowed).

The walls are at least 1.75 m high from the floor and must have panels that can be cleaned using a wet method.

The hall should be illuminated with natural light, the light coefficient should be equal to 1.6. Artificial lighting should be diffused and uniform, at least 50 lux.

The air temperature in the gym should be 16-18 degrees.

Gyms should only have the equipment needed for exercise.

Hand magnesium should be stored in boxes with lids.

Sports equipment must be cleaned of dust (wet cleaning) 1-2 times a day. The hall is cleaned before classes, during breaks between classes and after them. General

cleaning is done at least once a week.

Object name	Arts lighting in suites	Lighting of nature in St. coefficient.
Gym
Artificial skating rink
Artificial pool

Nutritional balance:

14% of proteins account for 30% of fats and 56% of carbohydrates of the total calorie intake

Nutrition for short-distance runners: high protein (170-180 g) and carbohydrates (670-700 g), low fat (110-120 g), calorie content 4400-4600 cal/day.

Nutrition for long-distance runners: high content of carbohydrates (700-800g) and fat (130-140g), lower protein (130-140g), calorie content 4500-5000 cal/day.

Gymnasts’ diet: high protein (150-170g) and carbohydrates (650-700g), calorie content 4500-4800.

Nutrition for weightlifters: high carbohydrate content (up to 800g) and calorie content 5000-6000.

Nutrition swimmers: a lot of fats (up to 150g) and carbohydrates (700g).

Nutrition athletes- players: a lot of carbohydrates (650-700 g) and proteins (160-170 g), calorie content 4400-4700 cal/day.

R rehabilitation of disabled athletes.

Goals:

normalization of psycho-emotional state;

restoration of everyday skills;

restoration of motor functions,

social adaptation;

professional adaptation, acquisition of a new specialty, employment.

Features of the training process for disabled people:

the intensity and duration of exercise is reduced, longer rest pauses between exercises;

differentiated methods for restoring physical performance, taking into account physical activity, the nature and duration of the disease;

longer intervals between workouts, exercises, etc.

Disabled athletes:

congenital and amputation limb defects;

damage to the spine and spinal cord;

disabled athletes with cerebral palsy and polio;

blind and visually impaired;

deaf and hard of hearing;

"others".

Testing of disabled athletes.Tests for athletes with amputations and limb defects:

Riding in a wheelchair: minimum load to determine the duration and pace of movement (amputation of both limbs);

Walking on crutches on level ground (50 m) after unilateral amputation;

Walking on prosthetics on a flat surface (50 m);

Step test and walking on stairs

Tests for amputee volleyball players

i.p. lying on your back. Transition from a lying position to a sitting position within 1 minute. Pulse before and after the test, assessment of the recovery period.

i.p. sitting on the floor. Make a corner on the hands, estimate - holding time.

i.p. with your back to the gymnastics wall. Corner on the gymnastics wall, assessment - holding time.

running on a treadmill (with a prosthesis) 3 min. SSS assessment.

bicycle ergometry or manual ergometry - 5 min.

swim 3 segments of 50 m at intervals of 3 minutes.

imitation of swimming on a simulator for 1 minute. (the number of strokes and heart rate are recorded).

Tests for football players

coordination exercises with a ball;

dribbling the ball 5-10 m;

run on treadmill 3 min;

bicycle ergometry or manual ergometry 5 min;

Stange and Genchi tests

Medical supervision supervision of women involved in sports. Features of the female body:

Muscle strength is lower than in men;

Muscle fibers are thinner;

Weaker muscles of the upper limbs;

Anaerobic capacity is lower (ATP and CP concentrations are the same as in men, but muscle volume

mass below);

Lower lactate system capacity;

The volume of the heart and its cavities is smaller, the stroke volume and minute volume of blood circulation are lower;

Resting heart rate is higher;

During physical activity, cardiac output is lower and the total blood volume is less;

MOD, vital capacity, maximum ventilation, breathing depth is less;

Lower aerobic performance.

Dynamics of a woman’s functional state depending on the menstrual cycle:

1 half cycle: estrogens predominate, after menstruation the oxygen capacity of the blood is restored, erythropoiesis is enhanced, the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin increases.

2 half cycle: Progesterone gradually begins to predominate, the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, platelets and leukocytes gradually decreases.

Menstruation phase: basal metabolism and body temperature decrease, sweating accelerates during exercise (low estrogen), the orthostatic reaction worsens, strength and performance decrease, and general condition worsens. Physical performance and phases of the menstrual cycle.

I phase (1-5 days) - it is advisable to develop flexibility;

I phase (6-12 days) postmenstrual - development of endurance;

I phase (13-15 days) ovulation - training is not recommended;

I phase (16-24 days) postovulatory - development of speed and strength qualities;

I phase (25-28 days) premenstrual - development of flexibility. Contraindications to sports during the menstrual phase:

Menstrual irregularities

Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs Condition after abortion

Puberty

During menstruation it is prohibited:

Maximum loads

Straining and strength exercises

• Exercises involving severe shaking of the body

  Hypothermia

  Prolonged exposure to the sun

  Sauna, steam bath, swimming and pool activities.

Self-monitoring: the diary records the duration of the cycle, phases of menstruation, abundance, well-being, the influence of loads on the duration, nature of menstruation and well-being. Performance is assessed in various phases and functional tests are performed (orthostatic, Ruffier). Hyerandrogeny:

menstrual dysfunction, prolonged periods of menstruation,

delayed first menstruation

poorly defined mammary glands against the background of hair growth,

hirsutism (hair growth on the chest, abdomen, thighs, characteristic of men),

pregnancy disorders, threat of miscarriage,

intensive growth, athletic or male morphotype.

weakness of labor and premature birth

State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education VSMA named after. N.N. BURDENKO

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY, HEALTH CARE

AND RESTORATIVE MEDICINE IPMO

with a course of restorative medicine (physical therapy)

APPROVED Head of Department

Professor Borisov V.A.

METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS ON THE TOPIC OF THE PRACTICAL LESSON: “ RESEARCH METHODS USED IN SPORTS MEDICINE.ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE ATHLETE’S BODY.”

Lesson topic : “Research methods used in sports medicine. Grade

functional state of the athlete’s body.”

Purpose of the lesson: To study the basic methods of studying the functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, types of body reactions to physical activity, tests with physical activity, means that increase performance.

Lesson topic motivation: The body responds to any impact with a chain of biological reactions, which can be both physiological and pathological. A doctor’s knowledge of the changes occurring in the body under the influence of physical activity is necessary for a correct assessment of the functional state of people involved in physical education and sports.

Basic questions on the topic of the lesson: 1. Classification of functional tests.

2.Functional tests to study the state of the cardiovascular system (Martine-Kushelevsky test, Ruffier test).

Functional tests used to assess the state of an athlete’s cardiovascular system (Letunov’s test).

Tests to assess the functional state of the respiratory system.

Rules for conducting and evaluating the Serkin and Rosenthal test.

Functional tests to assess the state of the autonomic nervous system.

Medical groups, their characteristics and definition rules.

Practical skills:

conduct and evaluate the Martinet-Kushelevsky test;

conduct Ruffier's test;

conduct and evaluate Stange and Genchi tests;

Conduct and evaluate Serkin and Rosenthal tests;

conduct an ocular-cardiac test and evaluate the results.

carry out an orthostatic test and evaluate the results,

carry out a clino-orthostatic test. Assignment for the next lesson:

Exercise tests.

Sports pharmacology. Literature (main):

1.Epifanov V.A. Sports medicine. M., - GEOTAR-Media, 2006. Literature (additional):

Landa B.H. Methodology for a comprehensive assessment of physical development and physical fitness. - M.: Soviet Sport, 2006.

Makarova G.A. Sports medicine. M., Soviet sport, 2006.

The lower the value of this index, the better the body strength indicator.

If this index = 10, then the physique is strong, from 10 to 20 - good, from 21 to 25 - average, from 26 to 35 - weak and more than 36 - very weak.

M.V. Chernorutsky (1929) used the values ​​of this index to determine the type of constitution. According to his classification, normosthenics have a Pignier index of 10–30, asthenics have more than 30, and hypersthenics have less than 10.

2. Assessment of physical development using the sigma deviation method . The sigma deviation method is the simplest. In this case, the indicators of the individual’s physical development are compared with the arithmetic averages of the corresponding age and sex groups, taken from the table of standards. The data of the subject, as a rule, differ to one degree or another from the average indicators, either in the direction of increasing or decreasing the attribute. To judge the degree of their difference, this difference with the corresponding sign (+ or –) is divided by the standard deviation (σ), obtaining the so-called sigma deviation. This is how it is determined by what fraction of a sigma or how many sigmas an individual indicator differs from the arithmetic mean of this characteristic of a given age-sex group. The sigma deviations for height, weight, and chest circumference are consistently determined. The degree of physical development is judged by the magnitude of sigma deviations.

This assessment is carried out using the formula:

V – M / σ,

where V is a variant of a particular characteristic;

M is the arithmetic mean of the characteristic for a given age and sex group;

σ – standard deviation.

The results are assessed as follows: with average physical development, individual values ​​differ from age standards (M) by no more than one sigma in one direction or another.

Depending on the size of sigma deviations, 5 groups of physical development are distinguished (Table 6).

Table 6

Example 1. The average height of 10-year-old boys is 137 cm, the standard deviation is 5.2 cm, then a schoolchild of this age with a height of 142 cm will receive a height estimate in fractions of sigma equal to

142 – 137 / 5,2 = 0,96,

that is, the student’s height is within M + 1σ and is assessed as average, normal height.

The final data obtained for each sign of physical development, in sigma terms, can be visually presented in the form of a so-called anthropometric profile, which is performed graphically and shows the differences in the physique of a given person from other individuals. This method is widely used in dynamic medical monitoring of the physical development of children, athletes, military personnel and other groups of the population.

To construct a profile of physical development, horizontal lines are drawn at equal distances from each other according to the number of characteristics being assessed. Most often, 3 main indicators are used: height, weight, chest circumference. In the middle of these lines, draw a vertical average corresponding to M of these indicators. On the right side of this center line, at an equal distance, the boundaries of deviations are drawn within the limits of +1σ, +2σ, +3σ, and on the left - respectively - 1σ, - 2σ, - 3σ. Vertical lines are also drawn along these boundaries.

The magnitude of sigmal deviations of each characteristic is plotted as a dot on the corresponding horizontal line. Then these points are connected in series. When assessing physical development, they proceed from the location of the profile.

In addition to the level of physical development, the proportionality of development is determined using an anthropometric profile. With proportional development, the points indicating sigmal deviations of individual characteristics lie on the same vertical or are no more than 1 cm apart from each other.

Example 2. A 9-year-old girl has a height of 131 cm, weight – 28.5 kg, chest circumference – 65.5 cm.

To determine the level of physical development of a girl, using the table of standards, find the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of height, weight and chest circumference for girls 9 years old. Based on these data, a table for calculating sigma deviations is built (Table 7).

Table 7

Table for calculating sigma deviations

Based on the magnitude of sigma deviations of the main characteristics, a graph is constructed - an anthropometric profile of physical development (see above).

Conclusion: the girl’s physical development is assessed as average and proportional.

The disadvantage of the method of assessing physical development by determining sigma deviations and constructing an anthropometric profile is that each sign of physical development is assessed in isolation, without correlation with others.

3. Assessment of physical development using a regression scale . This method has become most widespread, as it makes it possible to identify individuals with harmonious and disharmonious development.

Its advantage is that it allows you to give a comprehensive assessment of physical development based on a set of signs in their interrelation, since none of the signs, taken individually, can give an objective and complete assessment of physical development.

The essence of the regression scale assessment method is as follows: if there is a connection between two characteristics, there is a consistent increase in the values ​​of one of the characteristics (for example, weight) with a corresponding increase in another characteristic (for example, height) with a direct connection and a similar consistent decrease with an inverse connection.

Score tables for a comprehensive assessment of physical development indicators in the form of regression scales are compiled using a number of parameters. These include:

1) correlation coefficient (R), expressing the magnitude of the relationship between characteristics;

2) regression coefficient (R), showing the amount of change in one characteristic when another changes by one;

3) regression sigma, or partial sigma ( σ R), which serves to determine the magnitude of the individual deviation of a characteristic associated with another.

The method of regression scales provides for the distribution of signs of physical development into two categories: independent (height) and dependent (weight and chest circumference). Thus, height is considered a leading sign of physical development and a necessary basis for correct assessment. With normal development of a child, an increase in height is accompanied by an increase in body weight and chest circumference.

The tables, compiled on a regression scale for each age and sex group, contain the characteristics of five height groups (average, below average, above average, short and high). Height values ​​are given for each group in whole numbers with 1 cm intervals.

The normative table includes theoretical values ​​of dependent characteristics, calculated taking into account the relationship between height and weight, height and chest circumference according to the regression coefficient. Since a certain height corresponds to several values ​​of weight or chest circumference, the table shows the limits of variability of dependent characteristics, established using regression sigmas ( σ R).

Depending on the relationship between body weight, chest circumference and height, physical development is considered harmonious (normal), disharmonious and severely disharmonious.

Physical development is considered harmonious when body weight and chest circumference correspond to body length or differ from what should be within one regression sigma ( σ R).

Physical development is considered disharmonious when body weight and chest circumference lag behind what should be by 1.1 - 2 σ R, as well as more due by the same amount.

When assessing physical development using a regression scale, it is determined which growth group the subject belongs to, after which the proper weight and chest circumference are determined. In the table of regression scales, the values ​​of dependent characteristics are presented with fluctuation limits within ±1 σ , which corresponds to normal, harmonious development. Therefore, in some cases, a simple comparison is sufficient to assess physical development. Assessment of physical development using regression scales is carried out as follows: calculate the difference between the survey data and the required values, expressing it in regression sigmas ( σ R), i.e. the difference is divided by the regression sigma.

Example 3. An 8-year-old boy (city resident) has a height of 129 cm, weight – 30.1 kg, chest circumference – 65 cm.

According to the evaluation table, a height of 129 cm belongs to the group of average heights; it corresponds to a weight of 28.2 kg. The boy's weight is 1.9 kg higher than standard (30.1 kg - 28.2 kg = 1.9 kg). This difference must be divided by the partial sigma σ R = 2.88 x (1.9 / 2.88) = 0.65 (σ).

Thus, the boy’s weight is 0.65 higher than standard σ and is within the average range.

Chest circumference - 65 cm, 2.2 cm higher than standard (65 cm - 62.8 cm = +2.2), in fractions of the regression sigma this is equal to 2.2 / 3.37 - 0.65 σ , i.e. the chest circumference is also within average limits.

Consequently, the boy’s physical development is average and harmonious.

That is, determine it with an accuracy of 10 grams.

On the Internet you can find many ideal body weight calculators, which, unfortunately, do not disclose the formula by which this indicator is calculated. Therefore, it is not entirely clear whether they should be trusted. We turned to a nutritionist for clarification on this issue. Valentina Dergacheva.

“Starting from the 40s of the last century, nutritionists have developed more than a dozen methods for calculating the ideal ratio of human parameters from a health point of view,” says Valentina Georgievna. – By taking note of them, a person can find out exactly how much weight he can lose weight without threatening his well-being and health. And perhaps he will give up diets altogether, realizing that his indicators are ideal.”

The simplest and closest to reality, according to Dergacheva, was proposed by a Frenchman Paul Broc. If your height is 156-165, then the formula is: height (cm) –100. With a height of 166-175, 105 is subtracted from the height. And accordingly, with a height of 176-185, subtract 110, with a height of 186 and above - 115.

But, as the nutritionist notes, to determine a more accurate indicator, you also need to take into account your body type. There are only three of them: thin-boned, or asthenic (thin); normosseous (normal); hypersthenic (wide bone). There are two ways to determine which one is yours.

1. By volume (girth) of the wrist , the one with which you write and most often do any work.

“For women, the indicators are as follows: a wrist less than 16 cm is an asthenic type; from 16 to 18 cm – normosthenic; the hypersthenic type is more than 18 cm,” explains the doctor. For men the numbers are different. Less than 17 cm – thin type; from 17.5 to 20 cm – normal; more than 20 cm – broad-boned.

2. According to the Pinier index . Formula: IP = L – (P+T), where L – height (cm), P – weight (kg), T – chest circumference (cm). For example, your height is 168, weight 57, volume under the bust 76. We count: 169 – (57 + 76) = 36. More than 30 is a thin constitution (our case), from 10 to 30 is the norm, less than 10 is a sign of hypersthenics .

“So, when you have determined the type of your constitution, you need to make changes to the figure that you calculated using Brock’s formula,” continues the nutritionist. If you belong to the first, asthenic type, then subtract 10%. If hypersthenic, add the same amount. If your physique is normal, then there is no need to adjust the Brock result.

Let's look at the previous example. From height 168 we subtract 105, we get 63. We make a “discount” for the asthenic constitution of the body 63 – 6.3 = 57.3.

“This is Brock’s ideal weight,” summarizes Valentina Georgievna. – But there is another method that allows you to assess how much body weight differs from ideal. This is the body mass index - BMI" .

Body weight (kg) is divided by height (m) squared. Please note that height is measured in meters. So, a person with a body weight of 57 kilograms and a height of 1.68 meters has a BMI = 57 / 1.682. It turns out 20.2.
Now let's analyze the result. “If it turned out to be less than 19, it would mean insufficient body weight,” explains Dergacheva. – From 19 to 25 is a normal result. From 26 to 30 – overweight. 31-35 – moderate obesity. Above 36 is already serious obesity.”

By the way, if you are determined to lose weight, but are not sure where the “line of reason” lies, then using BMI you can calculate this too. To do this, take the minimum index from the “norm” category - this is 19 - and do the opposite. 19 = X /1.682. This means X = 19x1.682. It turns out that the minimum body weight that does not threaten the health of a thin young lady 168 cm tall is 53.6 kg .

“Of course, these numbers are, so to speak, a popularized version,” the nutritionist clarifies. “More accurate, professional calculation methods take into account many indicators: age, occupation, percentage of body fat, etc. But the calculations we discussed can also warn against excessive enthusiasm for diets and weight loss.”

Lyubov Petrukhina

Designations: P – height; m – body weight; OKG - chest circumference

Interpretation of results:

The lower the value of this index, the better the body strength indicator.

If this index is from 0 to 10, then the physique is strong,

from 10 to 20 – good,

from 21 to 25 – average,

from 26 to 35 – weak and

more than 36 – very weak.

M.V. Chernorutsky (1929) used the values ​​of this index to determine the type of constitution. According to his classification, normosthenics have a Pignier index of 10–30, asthenics have more than 30, and hypersthenics have less than 10.

Practical work No. 4

Definition of posture

Work progress:

To complete the work, students are divided into groups of 2-3 people. Light athletic uniform is desirable.

First method. The extra (student) stands with his back to the wall so that his head, shoulders, buttocks and heels touch the wall. The assistant inserts his fist between the lower back and the wall without disturbing the position of the body. If he fails to do this, he uses his palm instead of his fist.

Conclusion: The posture is normal if the palm passes through and is disturbed if the fist passes through.

Second method: comprehensive assessment of human posture disorders and spinal curvature by examination. When examining, pay attention to the level of the shoulder girdle, the position of the shoulder blades, the contours of the waist, the line of the spinous processes of the spine. Normal posture is characterized by: straight position of the head and spine; symmetry of the shoulder girdles and angles of both shoulder blades, gluteal folds; strictly vertical position of the spinous processes of the vertebrae; horizontal level of the iliac bones; physiological curves of the spine; equal length of lower limbs.

If the statistician’s posture deviates from the norm, then identify and characterize the type of violation.

Third technique: definition of scoliosis. Carry out the examination of the statistician in a sitting or standing position. To identify possible deformities, color-code bony landmarks: the spinous processes of all vertebrae, the inferior angles and superior spines of the scapula, the iliac crests, the clavicles and the jugular notch of the sternum.

In a sitting position, determine the absence or presence of pelvic distortion and lateral curvature of the spine. In a standing position, evaluate the location of the spinous processes. To determine the presence of lateral deviation of the spine, attach a plumb line with an adhesive tape to the skin at the apex of the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra. If the plumb line forms an angle with the line of the spinous processes of the vertebrae, then there is scoliosis. In the presence of this pathology, one shoulder is higher than the other, the scapula on the concave side is located closer to the spinous processes than on the convex side. The distance to the angle of the scapula is less on the convex side of the curvature than on the concave side. In a standing position, determine the length of both lower extremities, the presence of contractures of the hip, knee and ankle joints.

Fourth technique: identification of structural scoliosis: the extra slowly bends forward. The assistant examines the back, looking from the side of the head along the line of the spinous processes. In this position, the lateral curvature of the spine is clearly visible; a rib hump or muscle ridge is clearly visible on the corresponding side of the back.

Practical work No. 5

Determining the presence or absence of flat feet

First method: Friedlander's pedometric method.

Measure the length of your foot from the end of your heel to the end of your longer toe.

Measure the height of the arch of your foot: from the floor to the top of the navicular bone.

Calculate the pedometric index using the formula:

An index between 29 and 27 is found in most people.

An index from 27 to 25 indicates flat feet.

An index below 25 indicates severe flat feet.

Arterial pressure

2) well-being

3) desire to train

2. Subjective indicators of self-control during physical exercise include:

3) proper vital capacity of the lungs

4) heart rate

3. Select positions that correspond to the content of self-control during regular physical exercise:

Correlation of self-control indicators with load parameters

2) weekly discussion of self-control indicators with a personal physician

3) taking readings 3 times a day: in the morning on an empty stomach, before training, before bed

4) regular physical training

4. To assess actual body weight you need to:

1) determine the indicator “% of the Rufier index”

3) measure the skin-fat fold on the hips

4) determine the indicator “% of the Brocca index”

5. To determine the level of muscle development, the strength of the hand muscles is measured, for this purpose a device is used called:

1) strength meter

Dynamometer

3) tonometer

4) expander

6. To assess the level of muscle development, a strength index is calculated, which is calculated using the formula:

1) where OZ is the circumference of the wrist, Opl is the circumference of the shoulder

2) where is the skin-fat fold, pl– shoulder, T– waist, b– hips, MT – body weight

3) , where SM is hand muscle strength, MT is body weight

4) , where MT is body weight, SM is hand muscle strength

7. When measuring indicators of the young man’s somatic status, the following indicators were recorded: Pinier index – 35 units, strength index – 29%, Rohrer index – 10.2. His body type is characterized as:

1) muscular

Adynamic

3) lipid (abdominal)

4) normosthenic (thoracic)

8. When measuring indicators of the girl’s somatic status, the following indicators were recorded: Pinier index – 23 units, strength index – 48%, Rohrer index – 12.2. Her body type is characterized as:

1) muscular

2) asthenic

3) lipid (abdominal)

Normosthenic (chest)

9. When measuring indicators of the girl’s somatic status, the following indicators were recorded: Pinier index – 15 units, strength index – 70%, Rohrer index – 13.2. Her body type is characterized as:

Muscular

2) asthenic

3) lipid (abdominal)

4) normosthenic (thoracic)

10. When measuring indicators of the somatic status of a young man, the following indicators were recorded: Pinier index – 5 units, strength index – 81%, Rohrer index – 13.9. His body type is characterized as:

1) asthenic

2) lipid (abdominal)

Muscular

4) normosthenic (thoracic)

11. When measuring indicators of the somatic status of a young man, the following indicators were recorded: Pinier index - -10 units, strength index - 25%, Rohrer index - 15.9. His body type is characterized as:

1) asthenic

Lipid (abdominal)

3) muscular

4) normosthenic (thoracic)

12. To determine the somatic status of an individual, it is necessary to know at least two indicators:

3) body length and body weight

Pignier index and force index

13. Characteristics such as excess body weight, well-developed muscles, wide chest, correspond to the body type:

1) asthenic

2) lipid (abdominal)

Muscular

4) normosthenic (thoracic)

14. Characteristics such as excess body weight, relatively poorly developed muscles, wide chest, correspond to the body type:

1) asthenic

Lipid (abdominal)

3) muscular

4) normosthenic (thoracic)

15. Characteristics such as lack of body weight, relatively poorly developed muscles, narrow chest, correspond to the body type:

Adynamic

2) lipid (abdominal)

3) muscular

4) normosthenic (thoracic)

16. Characteristics such as lack of body weight, relatively well-developed muscles, normal chest, correspond to the body type:

1) asthenic

2) lipid (abdominal)